Methods

1
sreni Calculator {
2
    shuru() {
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        ei.result = 0;
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    }
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    kaj add(n) {
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        ei.result = ei.result + n;
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        ferao ei;  // Return this for method chaining
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    }
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    kaj subtract(n) {
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        ei.result = ei.result - n;
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        ferao ei;
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    }
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    kaj multiply(n) {
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        ei.result = ei.result * n;
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        ferao ei;
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    }
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    kaj divide(n) {
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        jodi (n != 0) {
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            ei.result = ei.result / n;
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        } nahole {
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            dekho("Cannot divide by zero!");
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        }
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        ferao ei;
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    }
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    kaj getResult() {
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        ferao ei.result;
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    }
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    kaj reset() {
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        ei.result = 0;
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        ferao ei;
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    }
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}
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dhoro calc = notun Calculator();
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dhoro result = calc.add(10).multiply(2).subtract(5).getResult();
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dekho(result);  // 15

1
sreni Person {
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    shuru(naam) {
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        ei.naam = naam;
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        ei.friends = [];
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    }
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    kaj addFriend(friend) {
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        // 'ei' accesses this instance's properties
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        dhokao(ei.friends, friend);
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        dekho(ei.naam, "added", friend.naam, "as a friend");
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    }
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    kaj listFriends() {
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        dekho(ei.naam + "'s friends:");
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        ghuriye (dhoro i = 0; i < dorghyo(ei.friends); i = i + 1) {
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            dekho(" -", ei.friends[i].naam);
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        }
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    }
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}
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dhoro rahim = notun Person("Rahim");
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dhoro karim = notun Person("Karim");
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dhoro jamil = notun Person("Jamil");
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rahim.addFriend(karim);
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rahim.addFriend(jamil);
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rahim.listFriends();

1
sreni ShoppingCart {
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    shuru() {
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        ei.items = [];
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        ei.total = 0;
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    }
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    kaj addItem(name, price, quantity) {
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        dhokao(ei.items, {
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            name: name,
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            price: price,
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            quantity: quantity
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        });
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        ei.total = ei.total + (price * quantity);
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        dekho("Added:", quantity, "x", name, "@ Tk.", price);
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    }
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    kaj removeItem(name) {
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        ghuriye (dhoro i = 0; i < dorghyo(ei.items); i = i + 1) {
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            jodi (ei.items[i].name == name) {
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                dhoro item = ei.items[i];
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                ei.total = ei.total - (item.price * item.quantity);
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                // Remove item logic would go here
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                dekho("Removed:", name);
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                ferao sotti;
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            }
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        }
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        ferao mittha;
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    }
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    kaj applyDiscount(percentage) {
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        dhoro discount = ei.total * (percentage / 100);
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        ei.total = ei.total - discount;
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        dekho("Applied", percentage, "% discount. Saved Tk.", discount);
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    }
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    kaj checkout() {
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        dekho("===== Receipt =====");
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        ghuriye (dhoro i = 0; i < dorghyo(ei.items); i = i + 1) {
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            dhoro item = ei.items[i];
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            dekho(item.quantity, "x", item.name, ":", "Tk.", item.price * item.quantity);
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        }
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        dekho("-------------------");
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        dekho("Total: Tk.", ei.total);
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    }
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}
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dhoro cart = notun ShoppingCart();
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cart.addItem("Rice (5kg)", 350, 2);
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cart.addItem("Oil (1L)", 180, 1);
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cart.addItem("Sugar (1kg)", 85, 3);
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cart.applyDiscount(10);
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cart.checkout();

1
sreni StringHelper {
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    shuru(text) {
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        ei.text = text;
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    }
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    kaj toUpperCase() {
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        ei.text = boroHater(ei.text);
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        ferao ei;
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    }
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    kaj toLowerCase() {
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        ei.text = chotoHater(ei.text);
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        ferao ei;
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    }
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    kaj trim() {
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        ei.text = chhanto(ei.text);
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        ferao ei;
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    }
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    kaj reverse() {
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        dhoro chars = [];
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        ghuriye (dhoro i = dorghyo(ei.text) - 1; i >= 0; i = i - 1) {
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            dhokao(chars, ei.text[i]);
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        }
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        ei.text = joro(chars, "");
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        ferao ei;
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    }
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    kaj process() {
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        // Call multiple methods internally
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        ei.trim();
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        ei.toLowerCase();
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        ferao ei;
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    }
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    kaj get() {
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        ferao ei.text;
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    }
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}
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dhoro helper = notun StringHelper("  HELLO WORLD  ");
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dekho(helper.process().get());  // "hello world"
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dhoro helper2 = notun StringHelper("Hello");
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dekho(helper2.reverse().toUpperCase().get());  // "OLLEH"

1
sreni Temperature {
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    shuru(celsius) {
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        ei.celsius = celsius;
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    }
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    // Getter methods
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    kaj getCelsius() {
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        ferao ei.celsius;
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    }
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    kaj getFahrenheit() {
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        ferao (ei.celsius * 9/5) + 32;
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    }
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    kaj getKelvin() {
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        ferao ei.celsius + 273.15;
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    }
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    // Setter methods
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    kaj setCelsius(value) {
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        ei.celsius = value;
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    }
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    kaj setFahrenheit(value) {
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        ei.celsius = (value - 32) * 5/9;
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    }
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    kaj setKelvin(value) {
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        ei.celsius = value - 273.15;
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    }
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    kaj display() {
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        dekho("Temperature:");
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        dekho(" - Celsius:", ei.getCelsius());
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        dekho(" - Fahrenheit:", ei.getFahrenheit());
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        dekho(" - Kelvin:", ei.getKelvin());
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    }
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}
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dhoro temp = notun Temperature(25);
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temp.display();
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temp.setFahrenheit(98.6);  // Body temperature
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temp.display();

1
// Math utility class
2
sreni MathUtils {
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    shuru() {}
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    kaj square(n) {
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        ferao n * n;
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    }
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    kaj cube(n) {
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        ferao n * n * n;
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    }
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    kaj factorial(n) {
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        jodi (n <= 1) {
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            ferao 1;
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        }
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        ferao n * ei.factorial(n - 1);
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    }
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    kaj isPrime(n) {
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        jodi (n < 2) {
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            ferao mittha;
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        }
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        ghuriye (dhoro i = 2; i * i <= n; i = i + 1) {
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            jodi (n % i == 0) {
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                ferao mittha;
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            }
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        }
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        ferao sotti;
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    }
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}
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dhoro math = notun MathUtils();
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dekho(math.square(5));     // 25
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dekho(math.factorial(5));  // 120
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dekho(math.isPrime(17));   // sotti

1
sreni Logger {
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    shuru(prefix) {
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        ei.prefix = prefix;
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    }
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    kaj log(message, level) {
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        // Default level to "INFO" if not provided
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        jodi (level == khali) {
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            level = "INFO";
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        }
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        dekho("[" + level + "]", ei.prefix + ":", message);
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    }
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    kaj info(message) {
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        ei.log(message, "INFO");
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    }
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    kaj warn(message) {
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        ei.log(message, "WARN");
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    }
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    kaj error(message) {
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        ei.log(message, "ERROR");
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    }
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}
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dhoro logger = notun Logger("App");
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logger.info("Application started");
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logger.warn("Low memory");
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logger.error("Connection failed");

1
sreni QueryBuilder {
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    shuru(table) {
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        ei.table = table;
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        ei.columns = "*";
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        ei.whereClause = "";
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        ei.orderClause = "";
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        ei.limitValue = khali;
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    }
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    kaj select(columns) {
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        ei.columns = joro(columns, ", ");
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        ferao ei;
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    }
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    kaj where(condition) {
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        ei.whereClause = " WHERE " + condition;
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        ferao ei;
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    }
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    kaj orderBy(column, direction) {
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        ei.orderClause = " ORDER BY " + column + " " + direction;
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        ferao ei;
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    }
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    kaj limit(n) {
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        ei.limitValue = n;
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        ferao ei;
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    }
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    kaj build() {
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        dhoro query = "SELECT " + ei.columns + " FROM " + ei.table;
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        query = query + ei.whereClause;
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        query = query + ei.orderClause;
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        jodi (ei.limitValue != khali) {
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            query = query + " LIMIT " + lipi(ei.limitValue);
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        }
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        ferao query;
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    }
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}
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dhoro query = notun QueryBuilder("users")
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    .select(["id", "name", "email"])
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    .where("active = 1")
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    .orderBy("name", "ASC")
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    .limit(10)
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    .build();
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dekho(query);
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// SELECT id, name, email FROM users WHERE active = 1 ORDER BY name ASC LIMIT 10

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dhoro person = {
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    "naam": "Rahim",
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    "age": 25,
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    "city": "Dhaka"
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};
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dhoro values = maan(person);
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dekho(values);  // ["Rahim", 25, "Dhaka"]
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// Use values in higher-order functions
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dhoro doubled = manchitro(values, kaj(val) {
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    jodi (dhoron(val) == "NUMBER") {
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        ferao val * 2;
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    }
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    ferao val;
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});
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dekho(doubled);  // ["Rahim", 50, "Dhaka"]

1
dhoro settings = {
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    "theme": "dark",
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    "notifications": sotti,
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    "fontSize": 14
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};
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dhoro entries = jora(settings);
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dekho(entries);
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// [["theme", "dark"], ["notifications", sotti], ["fontSize", 14]]
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// Iterate over entries
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proti(entries, kaj(entry) {
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    dekho(entry[0], ":", entry[1]);
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});
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// Output:
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// theme : dark
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// notifications : sotti
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// fontSize : 14
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// Filter entries and rebuild object
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dhoro filtered = chhanno(entries, kaj(entry) {
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    ferao entry[0] != "fontSize";  // Exclude fontSize
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});
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dekho(filtered);
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// [["theme", "dark"], ["notifications", sotti]]

1
// Basic merge
2
dhoro obj1 = {"a": 1, "b": 2};
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dhoro obj2 = {"c": 3};
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dhoro obj3 = {"d": 4};
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mishra(obj1, obj2, obj3);
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dekho(obj1);  // {"a": 1, "b": 2, "c": 3, "d": 4}
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// Later values override earlier ones
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dhoro target = {"name": "Rahim", "age": 25};
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dhoro update = {"age": 26, "city": "Dhaka"};
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mishra(target, update);
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dekho(target);  // {"name": "Rahim", "age": 26, "city": "Dhaka"}
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// Practical: Merge default config with user config
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dhoro defaultConfig = {
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    "theme": "light",
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    "fontSize": 12,
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    "language": "bn"
21
};
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dhoro userConfig = {
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    "theme": "dark",
25
    "fontSize": 14
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};
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dhoro finalConfig = {"theme": "light", "fontSize": 12, "language": "bn"};
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mishra(finalConfig, userConfig);
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dekho(finalConfig);
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// {"theme": "dark", "fontSize": 14, "language": "bn"}

1
dhoro prices = {
2
    "apple": 50,
3
    "banana": 30,
4
    "mango": 80
5
};
6
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// Apply discount to all prices
8
dhoro values = maan(prices);
9
dhoro discounted = manchitro(values, kaj(price) {
10
    ferao price * 0.9;  // 10% discount
11
});
12
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dekho(discounted);  // [45, 27, 72]

1
dhoro user = {
2
    "name": "Rahim",
3
    "email": "rahim@example.com",
4
    "password": "secret123",
5
    "phone": "01712345678",
6
    "_internal": "data"
7
};
8
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// Remove private fields (starting with _) and sensitive fields
10
dhoro filtered = chhanno(jora(user), kaj(entry) {
11
    dhoro key = entry[0];
12
    ferao key != "password" ebong key[0] != "_";
13
});
14
15
dekho(filtered);
16
// [["name", "Rahim"], ["email", "rahim@example.com"], ["phone", "01712345678"]]

1
// Reduce key-value pairs into object
2
dhoro entries = [["id", 1], ["name", "Rahim"], ["active", sotti]];
3
4
dhoro obj = sonkuchito(entries, kaj(acc, entry) {
5
    acc[entry[0]] = entry[1];
6
    ferao acc;
7
}, {});
8
9
dekho(obj);  // {"id": 1, "name": "Rahim", "active": sotti}